How Bullying has Affected the Entire Student Population or...

Everyone agrees that there are negative effects to the students who are being bullied. They are affected mentally, socially, and more often than not, are reluctant to attend school. There are many studies about bullying in school and the impact on the child who is being bullied, but there are not studies on how bullying has affected the entire student population or the school climate. This article focused their attention on the school wide impact of bullying. The study looked at 7,058 ninth graders in 289 schools in Virginia. What the researchers found was that bullying has a negative effect on school climate that goes beyond the victims who were bullied. When bullying was perceived as being a major problem on campus, the students†¦show more content†¦Reflection Bullying on campus has long been an issue that students, parents, and school officials have had to deal with; my campus is no different. The article focused on freshman being the most at risk of bullying since they are smaller and â€Å"weaker†. Some may see it as boys being boys, or kids being kids, but it is still bullying. I have taught freshman the last five years and I have seen the bullying come in two forms, physical and verbal. If girls bully, they will generally bully verbally. They will name call or spread rumors to make another students existence at school miserable. I have had several students be on the receiving end of the bullying and it has clearly affected them. The girls who have been bullied show all the effects the article conveyed. School attendance dropped for some, and for others, grades began to lower as well. For boys, they will bully physically, as well as verbally. I have observed boys push, punch, and slam each other to prove who is â€Å"in charge†. The victims seem to be in a different place mentally. The boys will change the way they act, which way they walk to class, and where they sit at lunch. One thing I didn’t think about until I read the article was how it affected others who witnessed the bullying. I didn’t know that it could affect their attendance or academic achievement. It makes it all the more important to stop the bullying because it affects so much more thanShow MoreRelatedLearning Environment Reflection1466 Words   |  6 Pagesmanagement approaches required in any school to achieve a safe and supportive learning environment. This reflection discusses why a principal should maintain a safe and supportive environment and how a school-wide discipline and behavior management influences what happens at the individual classroom level. In addition, this reflection reviews how a Positive Behavioral Support System helps to maximize the prosocial behavior of students while minimizing the number of students who need strategic or intensiveRead MoreBullying in Schools6210 Words   |  25 PagesBullying in Schools 1 PRAIRIE VIEW Aamp;M UNIVERSITY THE COLLEGE OF EDUCATION EXPERIENCES, PERCEPTIONS, AND ATTITUDES OF THIRD GRADERS TOWARDS BULLYING A RESEARCH REPORT RESEARCH ADMIN 5163 BY Jimmy C. Clark. PRAIRIE VIEW, TEXAS 2008 Bullying in Schools 2 Table of Contents Page Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 Read MoreReflection1806 Words   |  8 Pagesexpert on LGBTQ youth with a concentration in their health and rights (personal communication, September 22, 2017). He presented at the University of Virginia Curry School of Education on his research pertaining to LGBTQ youth health and resilience on September 22, 2017. This talk was sponsored by Youth-Nex, which is a center at the Curry School of Education that works to promote effective youth development (â€Å"About Youth-Nex,† 2017), and the University of Virginia Department of Women, Gender, and SexualityRead MoreThere Are All Kinds Of People4680 Words   |  19 Pagesand genders. The people who are not cisexual and/or heterosexual are part of the LGBTQIA community. Since they are still people, one might assume tha t they have the same rights as everyone else. But that is not the case. Even after all the community has been through, some places around the globe still refuse to give them their rights. But slowly the world is waking up and realizing that people, regardless of sexual orientation and gender identity/expression deserve the same rights as anyone else. TheRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pages Peace education is an elusive concept. Although peace always has been and continues to be the object of an unceasing quest in almost all communities and groups, the training of each new generation centers on divisive issues of in-group/out-group differentiations, intergroup conflict and ongoing preparation for defense and war against real and perceived enemies. The universal presence of conflict and war in human history has always necessitated that priority be given to education for conflictRead MoreCuases Impact of Rural - Urban Migration from District Swabi to Pe shawar14595 Words   |  59 PagesDATA COLLECTION 40 RESPONDENTS WERE SELECTED ON RANDOM SAMPLING METHOD. QUESTIONNAIRE WAS USED AS A TOOL OF DATA COLLECTION. THE STUDY SHOWS THAT RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION CAUSED DUE TO ‘PUSH AND PULL FACTORS’. ALONG WITH THE CAUSES, RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION HAS ITS IMPACT ON HOST COMMUNITY. SOME OF THE SUGGESTIONS ARE GIVEN IN THE END FOR STOPPING RURAL-URBAN MIGRATION FROM SWABI TO PESHAWAR. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE RESEARCHERS HAVE NO WORDS TO EXPRESS THEIR DEEPEST SENSE OF GRATITUDE TO ALMIGHTY ALLAH, WHORead MoreEvaluation Research Design Literature19283 Words   |  78 Pagesstudying and reporting previous research reports in the literature or synthesizing, either logically, statistically, or both, data drawn from existing databases. In program evaluation, it is often necessary to describe or express the rationale for how a program is/was intended to function to achieve its goals and objectives. Such a rationale is called the program’s theory. Program theory is integral to explaining why a program ―workedâ€â€" or ―didnt work,â€â€" drawing conclusions about the programs implementationRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEthical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcome s 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 QuestionsRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 PagesBUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 APPLICATION SECOND EDITION E S S AY S APPLICATION BUSINESS SCHOOL HARVARD SUCCESSFUL 65 ECSNS A IYI O N S SE O D ED T With Analysis by the Staff of The Harbus, the Harvard Business School Newspaper ST. MARTIN’S GRIFFIN NEW YORK 65 SUCCESSFUL HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL APPLICATION ESSAYS, SECOND EDITION. Copyright  © 2009 byThe Harbus News Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of AmericaRead MoreTeaching Notes Robert Grant - Strategy 4th Edition51665 Words   |  207 Pages1987–94 116 Richard Branson and the Virgin Group of Companies in 2002 125 General Electric: Life After Jack 131 AES Corporation: Rewriting the Rules of Management 139 2 Introduction This new edition of Cases in Contemporary Strategy Analysis has been developed to accompany the fourth edition of the textbook Contemporary Strategy Analysis. A key feature of the Casebook is its close integration with the concepts and techniques outlined in the textbook. All the cases, except one, have been specially

Essay on Safety vs. Freedom - 772 Words

Why is America taking such drastic moves like putting full body scanners in airports? The truth of the matter is that America is willing to do what ever it takes to protect the lives of American people and their families. The sectaries of America say scanners violate their freedom of rights. However, these scanners were prudently designed with the privacy of the customers in mind by not giving them a hard drive, or putting memory and data storage in them. America has had 21 terrorist attacks, from 2000 to 2009 consisting mostly of al-Qaeda and suicide bombers (infoplease.com). Osama Ben Laden, leading al-Qaeda’s attacks is fed up with the way America treats the world. Blaming America for global warming and determined to stop them by†¦show more content†¦A horrible invasion of privacy! US citizens should be able to travel in their own country without giving up their basic freedoms!† posted by Michael V. April 9, 2009 (News Week). And, â€Å"I think the biggest invasion of privacy would be me and my belongings being scattered from 30,000 feet because somebody was able to smuggle a bomb aboard the plane.† posted by Tommy (Blue View). In addition, â€Å"Great, anything to make us safer! If you don’t like it, take a train.† posted by Andy on April 9, 2009. Avoiding unpleasant feelings of insecurities, the customer cannot see the employee behind the scanner or the employee see the customer. In addition, no one else but a single employee sees the imaged body. The image taken cannot be saved for later viewing, so the potential for exploitation is impossible. There are not people behind a closed-door laughing at images of naked bodies. There are obvious pros and cons of the scanner, which in my opinion does not come down to our naked images. This is America after all, home of Hue Hefner, and playboy. I don’t see the big deal with one hidden person taking a scanned image of a body that lasts only a few seconds then moves on to the next customer. These scanners are not meant to harass or annoy people rather, save lives. Currently, customers can choose to use a metal detector if they are not comfortable with the full body scanner. If the option remains, there should not be aShow MoreRelatedEssay on Terrorism: Safety vs Freedom 1841 Words   |  8 Pagesprofiling is not new, but many feel worse than ever in today’s anti-Muslim society. This habit of losing civil liberties in the wake of terror is to some an unnecessary change that is unallowable, but leaves many wondering if we should sacrifice our freedom for safety. The terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, revealed a deficiency in the procedures of the airline security system. In an effort to address these concerns the â€Å"War on Terror† (Winterdyk/king, 2010) was born. This unleashed a new style ofRead MoreSafety vs Freedom of Speech Essay711 Words   |  3 Pagesmany are urging Americans to â€Å"give up† some of their freedoms and privacy in exchange for safety. Regrettably, this wave of patriotism has spilled over, and is beginning to infringe on our fundamental liberties as outlined in the Bill of Rights. Since the September 11th terrorist attacks those who have made comments contrary to popular beliefs have prompted much debate about free speech. When America experiences some great trauma, our freedom of speech often faces its own trauma. Across the countryRead MoreThe Law Enforcement Interrogation Procedures1655 Words   |  7 Pages1966, a milestone in Law Enforcement interrogation procedures was established through the case of Miranda vs Arizona. 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The third levelRead MoreThe United States Of America851 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America is a state full of mixtures of beliefs on politics and much more. As a state, we started out with very traditional values in our culture. Our culture is focused on many things such as freedom but we are preoccupied with our rights due to the freedoms which puts limits on what we do as a state. Being a traditional state, we started out as a materialistic mind set rather than post-materialistic. As the United States has aged, the people and culture have changed to a moreRead MoreThe Civil Liberties Of The United States Essay1513 Words   |  7 PagesCivil liberties is the individual rights and freedoms that government is obliged to protect, normally by not interfering in the exercise of these rights and freedoms. However, over the years the rights for the people have either have become open and free or it has become restrictive. 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The First amendment, freedom of speech, amendment two, the right to bear arms, and amendment four, protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures. These three amendments are a major factor in daily lives for citizens. Amendment one, freedom of speech is a very important factor for all citizens to have. AmendmentRead MoreVaccinations And Other Medical Interventions1203 Words   |  5 Pagesproduced a net savings of $1.38 trillion in health care costs in the USA alone. Others have credited a nearly 20 years increase in the life-expectancy in the USA to vaccines. Bill Gates has called vaccines MAGIC . Vaccines boast an impressive safety record, higher than for many other widely practiced medical interventions like say angioplasties. With the newer vaccines complication rates have declined to the order of 1: 1,000,000. Newer vaccines are completely free of Mercury (Thimerosal)

Langston Hughes Analysis Essay Example For Students

Langston Hughes Analysis Essay â€Å"Doorknobs†Langston Hughes is considered by many readers to be the most significant black poet of the twentieth century. Except for a few examples, all his poems are about social injustice in America. The somber tone of his writing often reflected his mood. Race relations were present in almost his whole career, following him from his first poem to his last. The poem â€Å"Doorknobs† was written in 1961 after his subpoena to appear before Senator McCarthy for subversive activities. Although many other poems by Hughes deal with prejudice, race, or politics, â€Å"Doorknobs† deals with life itself. Hughes’ anger over the political attacks are seen on many of his poems. Hughes’ â€Å"Doorknob† describes a child who seems to be afraid of life and afraid of the adults in his life†¦ By the end of the poem this child is now an adult himself who appears to be insecure, and perhaps, afraid of life itself. This man portrays a sad, non-confident, scared life as we can see on the lines 1 to 3. We experience first hand the lack of control, the terrorizing feelings this door holds for this child:The simple silly terror of a doorknob on a door that turns to let in lifeFrom lines 4 to 10, we can assume that we are reading of a child who is terrorized of the grownups that live with him; perhaps he is an abused chil d:on two feet standing,walking, talking,wearing dress or trousers,maybe drunk or maybe sober,maybe smiling, laughing, happy,maybe tangled in the terrorof a yesterday past grandpaLines 11 to 15 reinforce the terror this child is feeling and carrying with him. It is apparent that the child is experiencing some kind of abuse, either mental or physical:when the door from out there openedinto here where I, antenna,recipient of your coming,received the talking imageof the simple silly terrorFrom lines 16-25 Hughes repeats the first stanza of the poem with minor changes to the order of t the words; this perhaps is now when the child is now remembering his past. Another interpretation is that when the child became a grownup instead of being afraid of the adults in his life, he is afraid now of life itself, and death. of a door that opensat the turning of a knobto let in lifewalking, talking, standingwearing dress or trousers,drunk or maybe sober,smiling, laughing, happy,or tangled in the terrorof a yesterday past grandpanot of our own doing. â€Å"Doorknobs† is a sad poem; the poem deals with the struggle and search for identity, and a struggle of the individual vs. the Universe. The mood is fear, and perhaps terror of his surroundings. At the end, we are left with the feeling that the child went on living his life in terror and afraid of everything that surrounded him even after becoming an adult. English Essays

Myanmar Environmental Analysis Essay Example

Myanmar Environmental Analysis Paper Followed extraction, which accounted for about 92% of total wood removal in 2000, is significant compared to roundworm removals as more than of total primary energy in Manner is still supplied by followed. 4. To address deforestation, the government has established forest reserves with a policy target of 30% of the total land area. Starting from a base of 15% in 1 985, protected forest increased to about 26% in 2006. Expenditure on forest conservation also increased in response to the threat of forest depletion, with annual spending growing almost 90 times in nominal terms during 1988-?2007. Forest laminations received about 27% of the total annual budget in 2007; other forest management activities received smaller shares of the budget (e. G. , natural regeneration expenditure was 1. 87% and forestry research and forestry training expenditure was 1 . 79%). Forest management has been strengthened through the adoption of sound policy and institutional measures. A 30-year forestry master plan formulated in 2002 addressed principle shortcomings in forest management and gave greater attention to elements such as forestry extension, community forestry, agro-forestry, followed energy savings, and human resource development. Land degradation, particularly soil erosion in upland agricultural areas and dry zones, is an increasing problem in Manner. Vulnerable farming area as a percentage of the country’s total cultivated area was estimated at 33% in 2008. Natural processes in vulnerable farming areas are aggravated by human interventions such as excessive forest harvesting, monogramming practices, and shifting cultivation. We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Myanmar Environmental Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Growth in the upland human population is a key pressure that is closely correlated with land degradation and land productivity changes. From 1 This assessment summarizes and updates Manner’s natural resources and environment status and trends, as documented in the government’s national environmental performance assessment report, 2007-2010, which was prepared under regional technical assistance provided by the Asian Development Bank. See Asian Development Bank. 2005. Core Environment Program and Biodiversity Conservation Corridors Initiative in the Greater Mekong submersion. Manila (RATE 6289). 2 1980 to 2008, the upland population increased by 7 million to 17. 5 million people, or about 30% of the national population. 6. To address land degradation, the government is promoting various conservation and land rehabilitation programs. Targets have been set for the reclamation of permanent sloping agriculture land and slash-and-burn areas to safeguard productivity. Despite such initiatives, areas treated under land rehabilitation program have lagged behind total crop sown areas. The growing population in upland areas has resulted in a large expansion in crop sown areas, while multiple cropping has become more common and conservation programs have not kept pace. While total crop sown areas increased from 10. Million hectares in 1 985 to 22. 3 million in 2008, rehabilitated agriculture land as a percentage of the total crop sown area dropped from 12% in 1975 to 3% in 008. If the decline in funding for conservation and rehabilitation measures is not reversed, the problem of land degradation and vulnerable farmland will worsen. The government recognizes that more work is needed to safeguard the productivity of upland farms under pressure from growing populations through extension support on soil conservation methods and provision of related technologies to farmers. . Climate change only recently became a high priority in Manner. The government’s perspective changed fundamentally in 2008 after tropical Cyclone Margins caused catastrophic destruction and loss of lives and livelihoods. Manner’s vulnerability to climate change is now widely recognized. Potential climate change impacts on Manner include incremental sea-level rise, saltwater intrusion, loss of mangroves, higher incidence of droughts, loss of biodiversity and ecosystems such as wetlands, and loss of land resources. Manner is already experiencing some effects of climate change: a clear trend in rising temperatures, shorter monsoon duration, and greater frequency of intense rainfall and severe cyclones along Manners coastline. 8. While climate change is mainly related to global phenomena, national actions in Manner re contributing to both climate change and the country’s vulnerability in terms of human health impact, agricultural security, and loss of biodiversity. Deforestation is of particular concern as decreasing forest cover and quality reduce adaptive capacity and the potential to absorb greenhouse gases. Forest fires represent an additional climate change pressure, especially in the dry forests that dominate the central part of the country. 9. The government is responding to climate change risk and vulnerability, quickly putting in place a national plan for disaster risk reduction. Although the government has not et a national policy target, Manner has made several international commitments, including the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ratified in 1994 and the related Kyoto Protocol ratified in 2003. Mitigation and adaptation measures encompass various policies, plans, programs, projects, and activities. Generally, the government is devoting attention to improving understanding of climatic conditions and trends, and the links to underlying pressures such as deforestation. Targets and objectives for increasing forest plantation and promoting the use of alternative fuels are also being set. 0. Manner’s rising population and accelerating economic development are generating increasing volumes of solid waste. This represents a challenge to municipalities concerned about the environmental and human health consequences of inadequate waste management practices. While solid waste generation per capita has remained constant or declined in large cities such as Mandalay and Yang, total waste generation is increasing as urban populations expand. About 22% of municipal solid waste in Manner is recyclable; the remainder is 3 managed through other disposal methods, predominantly open landfills ND to a lesser extent incineration. 1 1. Urban solid waste management can be improved considerably. While the expenditure on waste collection and disposal in large cities has generally been satisfactory, additional spending is needed to improve long-term waste management nationally. More spending on waste collection vehicles will be required to improve coverage and efficiency, while investment is needed in more modern and reliable disposal systems, including replacing open dumps with sanitary landfills and installing environmentally appropriate incineration plants. An expansion of solid waste election and disposal to other cities is also needed as the situation remains unsatisfactory in second-tier cities and towns where performance has stagnated or even deteriorated slightly. 12. Manner has a rich natural capital endowment, encompassing significant ecological biodiversity features such as (I) wet and dry evergreen forests in the southern part of the country, (ii) deciduous dipterous forests and thorn scrub in the central part, and (iii) sub-alpine forests in the north. Large, slow-flowing rivers and lakes support extensive freshwater ecosystems, while expansive seacoasts with tidal mangroves sustain vital marine ecosystems. 13. Manner’s biodiversity is under increasing threat, especially in the Indo-Manner hot spot where economic development and human population growth is placing pressure on natural habitats and species populations. The major contributors to biodiversity loss are (I) the conversion of closed forests for other land uses, (ii) SSH fitting cultivation, (iii) weak regulation and control of commercial exploitation and trade in endangered flora and fauna, and (iv) lack of sufficient environmental impact assessment and integration of biodiversity encores into development activities affecting land use change. Forest degradation is particularly important in terms of terrestrial biodiversity, potentially affecting about 36% of threatened mammals and birds. In addition, the loss of wetlands and grasslands is threatening bird species. For example, mangrove forests declined 72% from 253,018 hectares in 1924 to 71. 716 hectares in 2008. 14. The government has responded to biodiversity loss primarily by establishing protected areas. To promote the conservation of the biological diversity of ecosystems, habitats, and biomass, the overspent in 1 980 set a national policy target to establish a network of protected areas covering 5% of the country’s total area by 2010. The protected area network expanded steadily, particularly during 1996-2004, and now comprises 34 protected areas equivalent to 4. 5% of total land area. The government has also been increasing efforts to prevent illegal wildlife trade. In 1 997, Manner acceded to CITES, an international treaty to protect wildlife against exploitation. The government has been taking action to minimize or prevent illegal wildlife trade through its law enforcement departments. 15. Mining has become one of the country’s key development sectors in recent years, attracting considerable foreign investment and generating important export earnings. Manner is endowed with a variety of mineral resources as well as high-quality gems and precious stones. Exploitable reserves of industrial minerals are also available. Mining production grew at an average rate of 15. 5% a year during 2001-?2006, faster than gross domestic product growth. 16. Awareness of environmental disturbances caused by mining is increasing, but this has not been accompanied by substantive regulatory responses. While Manner lacks a cantonal policy target for environmental improvement in the mining sector, some relevant sector policies exist. The 1994 Mines Law is intended to protect against the environmental damage caused by mining operations, and to restrict mine operators from conducting any activities that may have 4 detrimental effects on the public. All mines are supposed to be subject to regular inspection, monitoring, and reporting. However, training of personnel to monitor the mines is inadequate, and the air and water quality data needed to assess the impacts and effectiveness of control and mitigation measures are limited. Recognizing these limitations, the government is devoting more attention to monitoring of environmental quality in mining areas. The mining industry is also being required to improve environmental data acquisition and reporting, ensure compliance with applicable industry standards, and adopt best practices. B. Policy and Institutional Framework 17. The government is working to put in place the policies, laws, and regulations needed to properly manage the country’s natural resources and environment. These encompass (I) environment policy and legislation, (ii) a sustainable development strategy, (iii) forest policy and master planning, (iv) a diversity protection area system, (v) soil conservation and land rehabilitation programs, (vi) disaster risk reduction planning, and (vii) mining legislation. The challenge now is to build on this policy base through improved implementation, which will require significant strengthening of financial and human resources, as well as greater awareness of environmental issues. 18. The recent formation of the Ministry of Environmental Conservation and Forestry demonstrates the government’s commitment to improving the planning and management of natural resources and the environment. The 201 2 Environment Conservation Law revised the legal basis for implementing a range of enhanced environmental management measures. Attention now needs to shift to drafting corresponding regulations to enact legislation, including regulations and technical guidelines on environmental safeguards and pollution abatement. Developing such regulations and guidelines, and creating the enabling conditions for their effective implementation, will require substantial effort and technical expertise. In addition, government capacity to undertake environmental monitoring will need to be built and institutional links forged to ensure necessary interagency coordination on environmental management. C. The Way Ahead 19. The natural environment in Manner remains generally pristine, reflecting the vastness of the resources, the area they cover, their inaccessibility, and the isolation of the country both physically and (until recently) economically. Manner still contains some of the most unique physical and biological natural resources in Southeast Asia and the world. Fledgling policies are in place to protect these resources, but serious pressures have been placed on them recently and these are likely to intensify. The financial, human, and logistical resources available to counteract these erasures are limited, even with the expectation of international support. A pragmatic approach for preserving and conserving the country’s natural resources and environmental values may be to identify priority areas, hot spots, and sectors (e. . , mining, hydrophone development, forestry) and ensure that policies, laws, and regulations are applied and enforced. Coverage can then be expanded in the medium term. 20. Considerable scope exists for sustainable and inclusive development of Manner’s natural resources through pursuit of a green growth pathway, characterized by source efficiency, sustainable consumption and production, and climate change resiliency.