European History

PARIS ARCHITECTURE OF SPECTACLEThe computer computer architecture of spectacle that emerged in swell of France sooner 1900 was the product of several converging trends , including the rise of consumer capitalist economy , France s importance as an imperial power , and changes in capital of France genius both of itself and of what a metropolis should be . The resulting architecture attested to the bleak face of urban modernity and helped underline France s frugal and military standing among Europe s major powersParis tonicfangled architecture was , in part , a product of efforts to speak to urban problems . In the middle and late nineteenth degree Celsius , European and American cities had reached a sort of crisis point , caused by rapid industrialization and a large influx of sylvan dwellers and the strange s eeking work . Many cities suffered from overcrowding , poor sanitation , full(prenominal) crime , and isolation from people of higher social classes . Jacob Riis How the diametrical Half Lives was a shocking document of New York s slums , and capital of the United Kingdom s East End was a notorious example of a dysfunctional urban center . thick crowd with forty share of its inhabitants in poverty , it served for nearly observers that cities themselves were inherently evil and should be fled for the country Author mother fucker London considered reformers efforts wasted , omit for the Barnardo Homes , where London s slum children were take away from their pestilential surroundings and [given] a healthy , wholesome environment in which to be touch and prodded and moulded into men Others , such as British urban contriver Ebenezer Howard , tried to fuse genius (which many considered a panacea for urban problems ) and urban existing by promoting the garden c ity concept , in which new towns were plann! ed well beyond city centers , surrounded by farmland and featuring abundant gift spaces and lushly-planted landscapesIn Paris , whose population was crowded into unattractive mental synthesiss on fasten , narrow streets that followed antediluvian patterns , the solution was not to abandon the city , but to produce it into something both more pleasing and practicable .

Starting in 1852 , Baron Haussmann s massive program of reconstruct Paris began (supposedly to establish more easily defensible streets , in the wake of 1848 s originate , permutation narrow winding lanes with straight off , commodious boul evards and leveling much of the city s old architecture and replacing it with new apartment houses commercial grammatical constructions , and public structures . The new broad streets attracted pedestrian traffic of a different sympathetic , in particular the emerging bourgeoisie who rose with the new stinting , for whom a more dignified kind of architecture appeared , particularly retail spaces . By the 1890s , these begun to serve the needs of a growing class of consumers in an increasingly prosperous and mighty FranceParis architecture of spectacle was part of a greater trend toward building large , monumental public and commercial buildings that attested to western Europe s increasingly strong capitalist economies and expanding empires . In Britain , whose industrial economy had boomed earlier than France s , economic and political power helped show up in an age of architectural modernity , characterized by dumbfounding structures like the Crystal Palace , buil t for London s Great...If you inhabit to get a full! essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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